To be

The Verb To Be

Probably the best known verb in the world: "To be or not to be..."

Forms of To Be
	Present	Past	Perfect Form	Continuous Form
I	am	was	have / had been	am / was being
he / she / it	is	was	has / had been	is / was being
you / we / they	are	were	have / had been	are / were being

Normally we use the verb to be to show the status or characteristics of something or someone (as a stative verb). It says what I am, what you are or what something is.

Present Simple (stative)
I am a teacher.	You are a student.	He /She is a student.	It is a car.	We are all teachers.	They are students.
Past Simple (stative)
I was a student.	You were a student.	He /She was a student.	It was a nice day yesterday.	We were all students once.	They were students.
Future Simple (stative)
I will be a student.	You will be a teacher.	He / She will be a teacher.	It will be nice later.	We will be teachers.	They will be students.

When used with the present participle of other verbs it describes actions that are or were still continuing - auxiliary verb be [+ ing form of the main verb].

Present Continuous (active)
I am being silly.	You are being silly.	He /She is being silly.	It is being silly.	We are being silly.	They are being silly.
Past Continuous (active)
I was being silly.	You were being silly.	He /She was being silly.	It was being silly.	We were being silly.	They were being silly.

Am/Is/Are
The verb to be is used to create simple yes/no questions by simply inverting the order of subject and the “To be” verb.
For example:-
I am a teacher. (Statement)
Am I a teacher? (Question)

Question	Positive Statement	Negative Statement (possible short forms)
Singular
Am I ...?	I am ... (I'm ...)	I am not ... (I'm not ...)
Is he / she / it ...?	He / She / It is ...(He's/She's/It's ...)	He / She / It is not (He / She / It isn't... // He's / She's / It's not ...)
Are you ...?	You are ...(You're...)	You are not (You're not ...// You aren't...)
Am I being ...?	I am being ...	I am not being ... (I'm not being...)
Is he / she / it being...?	He / She / It is being ... (He's/She's/It's being ...)	He / She / It is not being ... (He / She / It isn't being...// He/she/it's not being...)
Are you being ...?	You are being ... (You're being ...)	You are not being ... (You're not being ... // You aren't being...)
Was I ...?	I was ...	I was not. ..
Was he / she / it ...?	He / She / It was ...	He / She / It was not ... (He / She / It wasn't)
Were you ...?	You were ...	You were not ... (You weren't ...)
Was I being ...?	I was being ...	I was not being (I wasn't being...)
Was he / she / it being...?	He / She / It was being ...	He / She / It was not being ... (He / She / It wasn't being... )
Were you being ...?	You were being ...	You were not being ... (You weren't being ...)
Will I be ...?	I will be ... (I'll be ...)	I will not be ... (I'll not be ...)
Will he / she / it be ...?	He / She / It will be ...(He'll / She'll / It'll be ...)	He / She / It will not be (He / She / It won't be ... // He'll not be / She'll not be / It'll not be ...)
Will you be ...?	You will be ...(You'll be ...)	You will not be (You won't be ... // You'll not be ...)
Plural
Are we / you / they?	We / You / They are (We're / You're / They're)	We / You /They are not (We're / You're / They're not // We / You / They aren't)
Are we / you / they being ...?	We / You / They are being ... (We're / You're / They're)	We / You /They are not being (We're / You're / They're not being // We / You / They aren't being)
Were we / you / they ...?	We / You / They were ...	We / You / They were not ... (We / You / They weren't ...)
Were we / you / they being ...?	We / You / They were being ...	We / You / They were not being ... (We / You / They weren't being ...)
Will we / you / they be ...?	We / You / They will be ...(We'll / You'll They'll be ...)	We / You / They will not be (We / You / They won't be ... // We'll / You'll They'll not be ...)

Examples

	Am/Are	Is
Question - ?	"Am I disturbing you?"	"Is this your coat"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes you are."	"Yes it is"
Negative Answer - No	"No you're not."	"No it isn't"
	Was / Were	Was
Question - ?	"Was I disturbing you?"	"Was that your old house?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes you were ."	"Yes it was "
Negative Answer - No	"No you weren't."	"No it wasn't."

!Note - The verb to be is also used when forming the passive voice.

To do

The Verb To Do

The verb to do is another common verb in English. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is often used in questions.

Forms of To Do
	Present	Past	Perfect Form	Continuous Form
I / you / we / they	do	did	have / had done	are / were doing
he / she / it	does	did	has / had done	is / was doing

As an auxiliary verb do is used with a main verb when forming interrogative or negative sentences, or for adding emphasis. It is also called the dummy operator or dummy auxiliary.

Question	Positive Statement (spoken)	Negative Statement (spoken)
Singular
Do I?	I do	I do not (I don't)
Do you?	You do	You do not (You don't)
Does he/she/it?	He/she/it does	He/she/it does not (He/she/it doesn't)
Plural
Do we?	We do	We do not (We don't)
Do you?	You do	You do not (You don't)
Do they?	They do	They do not (They don't)

Examples

	Do	Does
Question - ?	"Do you always take the bus to work?"	"Does she ever do her homework on time?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes I do."	"Yes she does."
Negative Answer - No	"No I don't."	"No she doesn't."

When using the continuous tense do becomes doing and it doesn't change.

	Doing
Question - ?	"Are you doing your homework?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes I am ."
Negative Answer - No	"No I'm not."

When using the simple past tense do becomes did and it doesn't change.

	Did
Question - ?	"Did you always take the bus to work?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes I did ."
Negative Answer - No	"No I didn't ."

When using the perfect tense do becomes done and it doesn't change.

	Done
Question - ?	"Have you done your homework?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes I have ."
Negative Answer - No	"No I haven't."

More functions for the verb “to do”
The verb “to do” works as a main verb.
For example:-
YT - My husband does the dishes.
ST - Gosh! Did he do them yesterday?
YT - Yes he did.
Do is used as an auxiliary verb (dummy auxiliary) in the question form.
For example: I know the way. Do you know the way?
Do is used for emphasis in positive statements.
For example: I do like this beer!
!Note - As an auxiliary verb 'do' is always followed by the base form of the main verb (infinitive).

To have

The Verb To Have

Forms of To Have
	Present	Past	Continuous
I / you / we / they	have	had	having
he / she / it	has	had	having

Have is one of the most common verbs in the English language. It functions in various ways.

To have as a main verb

The verb “to have” implies the meaning of possession.
For example: “I have a job.” “I have a car.“ "I don't have any time."
In this form it does not take the continuous form (for that you have to use the auxiliary verb be).
For example: “I am having a shower.” “Are you having a good time?"
The forms of the verb “to have” are have and has for the present and had for the past.

Question	Positive Statement (spoken)	Negative Statement (spoken)
Singular
Have I?	I have (I've)	I have not (I haven't/I've not)
Has he/she/it?	He/she/it has (He/she/it 's)	He/she/it has not (He/she/it hasn't)
Have you?	You have (You've)	You have not (You haven't/You've not)
Had I / he / she / it / you?	I / He / She / It / You had (I'd / He'd / She'd / You'd)	I / He / She / It / You had not (I / He / She / It / You hadn't)
Plural
Have we / you / they?	We / You / They have (We've)	We / You / They have not (We / You / They haven't // We've / You've not)
Have you?	You have (You've)	You have not (You haven't/You've not)
Have they?	They have (They've)	They have not (They haven't/They've not)
Had I / he / she / it / you?	I / He / She / It / You had (I'd / He'd / She'd / You'd)	I / He / She / It / You had not (I / He / She / It / You hadn't)

Have is often used to indicate possession (I have) or (I have got).
Examples

	Have	Have got
Question - ?	"Do you have a car?" or "Have you a car?"	"Have you got a car?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes I have a car."	"Yes I've got a car."
Negative Answer - No	"No I don't have a car."	"No I haven't got a car."

To have as an auxiliary verb

The verb “to have ” is used as an auxiliary verb to help other verbs create the perfect tense - auxiliary verb have [+ past participle].
For example, “I have studied English for five years;” or “I have never been to America.” "I have eaten."

Present Perfect
I have been a teacher.	You have been a student.	He / She has been a student.	It has been nice.	We have been students.	They have been students.
Past Perfect
I had been a teacher for several years.	You had been a student for several years.	He / She had been a student for several years.	It had been nice for several hours.	We had been students for several years.	They had been students for several years.
Future Perfect
I will have been a teacher for several years.	You will have been a student for several years.	He / She will have been a student for several years.	It will have been nice for several years.	We will have been students for several years.	They will have been students for several years.

Question	Positive Statement	Negative Statement (possible short forms)
Singular
Have you been ...?	You have been ...(You've been ...)	You have not been ... (You haven't been ... // You've not been ...)
Plural
Have we / you / they been ...?	We / You / They have been ...(We've / You've They've been ...)	We / You / They have not been ... (We / You / They haven't been ... // We've / You've They've not been ...)

For example:

Question - ?	"Have you washed your face today?"
Positive Answer - Yes	" Yes, I have."
Negative Answer - No	" No, I haven't."
Question - ?	"Have you ever had a heart attack?"
Positive Answer - Yes	" Yes, I'm afraid I have."
Negative Answer - No	" No, thank goodness, I haven't."

The use of have to

In addition to the two forms, there is another use for have as a modal verb; have to or have got to. This, of course, must be followed by another verb "We have to do something".

	Have to	Have got to
Question - ?	"Do you have to leave early?"	"Have you got to leave early?"
Positive Answer - Yes	"Yes I have to." or "Yes I do"	"Yes I've got to."
Negative Answer - No	"No I don't have to."	"No I haven't got to."

lesson 1_lesson 4

v  Lesson 1

1.     . What does a bank manager do?
Make decision to manage an enterprise

2.     How many windows are open on Friday?
Six windows.

3.     Why do they need so many windows on Friday?
Many people get their paychecks on Friday and they come in to deposit them.

4.     What are some of the ways in which customers cause delays?
Many customers still forget to endorse their checks or try to open or close joint account with the signature in only one of the parties.

5.     What does a depositor have to do to open or close a joint account?
Step 1. Choose the bank you wish to use. It can be either the bank that you or your partner uses now or another one.
Step 2. Decide what type of joint account you need. Joint tenants with rights of survivorship is the most common of joint account. This type of account will pass all of the assets in the account to the surviving tenant if one of you dies. Tenant in common accounts decree that if one of you dies, half of the account assets revert to the decedent's estate. Tenancy by the entirety accounts require that both of you sign or approve any transactions in the account.
Step 3. Open a joint trust account if you want to include special provisions on the account. This will require drawing up a trust that names both you and your partner as co-trustees. You can do this with many different types of trust accounts serving any number of objectives.
Step 4. Consider the nature of your relationship with your partner when choosing the type of joint account to open. If you are married, then a JTWROS account is probably appropriate; if you have a domestic partner or business relationship, then tenancy in common may be a better fit.
Step 5. Fill out the account application, either online or at the bank (usually the latter). You may have the option of listing alternate beneficiaries if something happens to both of you. Be sure to mark the appropriate type of tenancy on the application. You will each have to supply at least one form of picture ID and sign signature card.

6.     Why the computers important to a bank?
As computers improve, they are able to accomplish more difficult tasks and they help us serve our costumers better.

7.     How do term-deposit accounts help a bank got new costumers?
The bank must give to reward prize to costumers and also the bank must give insurance.

8.     Why does the bank manger want her staff to have the latest information on term-deposit accounts?
That they can advise our depositors correctly.

9.     How much money does Jane Carson’s bank have in assets?
The total of our current assets and fixed assets comes to 15.550.000 dollars.

10.  Why is Mrs. Carson hopeful about the future of her bank?
Because the number of customers we serve has increased this year and I expect that it will continue to grow in the future.

v  Lesson 2

1.     Why do checking account holders have to pay a service charge?
Because the holders have to pay a service charge for the bookkeeping involved in administering the account.

2.      What information appears on a monthly statement?
The information on a monthly statement are all the checks that the bank paid and all deposits that the account holder made during the month.

3.     What does "insufficient funds" mean?
It's mean that checking account balance that is too small to cover a check that the account holder has written.

4.     4. How can N.O.W. account holders avoid paying a service charge?
Account holders can avoid paying a service charge by keeping a minimum balance in their account.

5.     In what ways has the difference between saving banks and commercial banks gotten smaller in the U.S.?
In pay interest like savings account.

v  Lesson 3

1.     Which part of the bank takes care of loans?
The part of the bank which takes care of loans in loan departement.

2.     What do you have to fill out if you want a loan?
If i want a loan i have to fill out loan application.

3.     How did Mr. Fanelli learn about loans?
Mr. Fanelli learned about loans by asking Mr. Baker who is a loan officer.

4.     What kind of loan is a commercial loan?
A commercial loan is a loan for bussinesses.

5.     Will Mr. Fanelli make monthly payments?
Yes, he will make monthly payments.

6.     What is the current rate of interest on car loans?
The current rate of interest on car loans is 16%.

7.     How does Mr. Fanelli's new car serve as collateral for the loan?
Mr. Fanelli's new car serve as collateral for loans if he default then the bank will take possession of the car.

8.     How does the bank decide whether or not to give Mr. Fanelli a loan to buy a new car?
The bank decides whether or not give Mr. Fanelli a loan to buy a new car by checking his credit file before.

9.     What did Mr. Fanelli and his wife use their charge card for?
Mr. fanelli and his wife used their charge card for buying furniture and tickets for holiday.

10.   Did Mr. Fanelli and his wife pay off their debits in the past?
Yes, he did.

v  Lesson 4

1.     What kind of a loan does Susan Thomas want to get ?
A mortgage loan

2.     Why hasn't it been easy to get one ?
Because there are some problem with the bank such as interest rate rising and money become very tight lately.

3.     Why don't banks want to offer fixed rate mortgages anymore ?
Because the supply of mortgage money become very tight lately,with interest rates rising.

4.      How long is the usual life of a mortgage ?
30 years.

5.     What is it that changes in a variable rate mortgage ?
The interest rates banks pay on deposits.

6.      How often does the bank adjust the interest rate on a variable rate mortgage ?
every six months.

7.     Why does Mrs.Thomas find variable rate mortgage upsetting ?
Because variable rate mortgages must greatly increase the possibility of the bank's fore closing.

8.     What is the guaranteed rate period ?
Guaranteed rate period of six months to five years.

9.     How much does the bank require as a down payment ?
Between 10 and 20% of the purchase price.

10.   How long does it take for the yorktown Bank approve an application for a mortgage loan ?
a week or ten days.

v  Vocabulary Of Accounting

- to fill out _mengisi atau menulis informasi yang dibutuhkan.
- to sign _menandatangani atau menulis sebuah nama.
- rate _jumlah presentase.
- computer _mesin elektronik yang memiliki memori & operasi matematika yang sulit.
- to accomodate _mengurus sesuatu / mengakomodasi.
- assets _semua kepunyaan perusahaan / bank yang memiliki nilai.
- liabilities _hutang perusahaan / bank.
- to owe _berhutang
- solvent _ mampu untuk membayar semua hutang - hutang.
- balance sheet _neraca atau pernyataan akan aktiva & kewajiban perusahaan.
- joint account _rekening bersama.
- term - deposit account _masa rekening deposito.
- saving accounts _rekening penyimpanan.
- depositor _penabung, penyimpan, penyetor.
- interest _ketertarikan.
- signature _tanda tangan.
- withdrawal slip _tanda bukti pengambilan uang.
- assets _aktiva.
- passbook _buku surat.
- deposit slip _tanda bukti penyimpanan.
- withdraw _penarikan.
- endorse _mengabsahkan.
- customers _pelanggan.

Grammar

Present Perfect

1. Present Tense

(I / You / We / They + VI)

Ronaldo Practise’s Foot ball at the field diligently every sunday


2. Present Continous Tense

(I / You / we / they + To be + VI (Ing)

Ronaldo is Practising Foot ball at the field diligently Right now


3. Present Perfect Tense

(I / You / we / They + Have + VIII)- (He / She / it / + Has + VIII)

Ronaldo has Practised Foot ball at the field diligently this week


4. Present Perfect Continous Tense

(I / You / we / they + Have + Been + VI + Ing)

( He / She / it / + Has + Been + VI + Ing)

Ronaldo has been Practising Foot ball at the field diligently for holiday


5. Present Future Tense

(I / We + Shall + VI ) – ( You / They / She / it + Will + VI )

Ronaldo will Practise’s Foot ball at the field diligently tomorrow


6. Present Future Continous Tense

( I / We + Shall + Be + VI + Ing )

( You /They / He / She / it + Will + Be VI + Ing )

Ronaldo will be Practising Foot ball at the field diligently at this time tomorrow


7. Present Future Perfect Tense

(I / We + Shall + Have + VIII )

( You / They / She / it + Will + Have + VIII)

Ronaldo will have Practised Foot ball at the field diligently by next sunday


8. Present Perfect Continous Tense

(I / We + Shall + Have been + VI + Ing )

( You / They / He / She / it + Will + Have been + VI + Ing )

Ronaldo will have been Practising Foot ball at the field diligently by next February




Past Tense

9. Past Tense

(I / You / We / They / He / She / it + VII)

Ronaldo Practised Foot ball at the field diligently yesterday


10. Past Continous Tense

(I / He / She / it + was + VI + Ing )

Ronaldo was Practising Foot ball at the field diligently the wholeday last sunday


11. Past Perfect Tense

(I / You / They/ we / he / She / it + had + VIII )

Ronaldo had Practised Foot ball at the field diligently when you arrived


12. Past Perfect Continous Tense

(I / You / they/ we / he / she / it + Had + Been + VI + Ing)

Ronaldo had been Practising Foot ball at the field diligently when I came from field


13. Past Future Tense

(I / We + Should + VI ) – ( You / They / He / She / it + Would + VI )

Ronaldo would Practise’s Foot ball at the field diligently two day’s ago


14. Past Future Continous Tense

( I / We + Should + Be + VI + Ing )

( You /They / He / She / it + Would + Be + VI + Ing )

Ronaldo would be Practising Foot ball at the field diligently at this time the following day


15. Past Future Perfect Tense

(I / We + Should + Have + VIII )

( You / They / He / She / it + Have + VIII)

Ronaldo would have Practised Foot ball at the field diligently by if holiday


16. Past Future Perfect Continous Tense

(I / We + Should + Have + been + VI + Ing )

( You / They / He / She / it + Would + Have + been + VI + Ing )

Ronaldo would have been Practising Foot ball at the field diligently for six day’s by the end of this month

Modal 2

Modal Verb Tutorial

Modals are special verbs which behave very irregularly in English. Englishpage.com has created one of the most in-depth modal tutorials in print or online. Study the modal explanations and complete the associated exercises and take another step toward English fluency. If you want to use the Modal Verb Tutorial as a reference only and do not want to complete the tutorial Click Here .
The tutorial should be completed as follows:
1. Read this introduction page including the section below titled “What are Modal Verbs?”
2. Complete the exercises below. After each exercise, we have listed the modals covered. Just click on the modal link to learn more about its use.
EXERCISES TOPICS COVERED
Modal Exercise 1 Can , Could , Have to , Must , Might and Should
Modal Exercise 2 Have to and Must
Modal Exercise 3 Might , Must and Should . Afterwards, you can repeat the exercise using Could , Have to and Ought to
Modal Exercise 4 Couldn’t and Might not
Modal Exercise 5 Have got to , Had Better , May and Shall
Modal Exercise 6 Could , Might , Should and Would
Modal Exercise 7 Modal Verbs Forms
Modal Final Test Cumulative Modal Test
What are Modal Verbs?
Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences:
1. Modal verbs do not take “-s” in the third person.
Examples:
He can speak Chinese.
She should be here by 9:00.
2. You use “not” to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past.
Examples:
He should not be late.
They might not come to the party.
3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.
Examples:
He will can go with us. Not Correct
She musted study very hard. Not Correct
Common Modal Verbs
Can
Could
May
Might
Must Ought to
Shall
Should
Will
Would
For the purposes of this tutorial, we have included some expressions which are not modal verbs including had better, have to, and have got to. These expressions are closely related to modals in meaning and are often interchanged with them.

Modal

All the auxiliary verbs except be, do and have are called modals. Unlike other auxiliary verbs modals only exist in their helping form; they cannot act alone as the main verb in a sentence.
Be, do, and have also differ from the other auxiliaries in that they can also serve as ordinary verbs in a given sentence.
The modal verbs are:-
CAN / COULD / MAY / MIGHT / MUST / SHALL / SHOULD / OUGHT TO / WILL / WOULD

Modal	Example	Uses
Can	They can control their own budgets. We can’t fix it. Can I smoke here? Can you help me?	Ability / Possibility Inability / Impossibility Asking for permission Request
Could	Could I borrow your dictionary? Could you say it again more slowly? We could try to fix it ourselves. I think we could have another Gulf War. He gave up his old job so he could work for us.	Asking for permission. Request Suggestion Future possibility Ability in the past
May	May I have another cup of coffee? China may become a major economic power.	Asking for permission Future possibility
Might	We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating their dinner now. They might give us a 10% discount.	Present possibility Future possibility
Must	We must say good-bye now. They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary.	Necessity / Obligation Prohibition
Ought to	We ought to employ a professional writer.	Saying what’s right or correct
Shall (More common in the UK than the US)	Shall I help you with your luggage? Shall we say 2.30 then? Shall I do that or will you?	Offer Suggestion Asking what to do
Should	We should sort out this problem at once. I think we should check everything again. Profits should increase next year.	Saying what’s right or correct Recommending action Uncertain prediction
Will	I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk. I'll do that for you if you like. I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday. Profits will increase next year.	Instant decisions Offer Promise Certain prediction
Would	Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me? Would you pass the salt please? Would you mind waiting a moment? "Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine." Would you like to play golf this Friday? "Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea please."	Asking for permission Request Request Making arrangements Invitation Preferences

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Making a will

1.       Is it strange for a 35 year old man to think about a will ?
- No, It isn't

2.       What happens if someone dies intestate ?
- If someone dies intestate, then your property will be distributed according to the laws of the states

3.       What does an executor do ?
- an executor is one of the most important aspects of making a will

4.       How does Al know about the service of the Oak Street Bank Trust Department ?
- He has already used the service of their trust department to set up trust funds for my son and daughter

5.       Why is it a good thing that the whole staff of the Trust Department serves as executor ?
- Because that way there's no risk of service being interrupted